Category Archives: পড়াশুনা (Study)

বিভিন্ন বিষয়াদির উপর পড়াশুনা ও মন্তব্য

What is Finance?

From the wiki and dictionary;

Noun: the management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies.”the firm’s finance department”

Verb: provide funding for (a person or enterprise).

Dictionary; Definitions from Oxford Languages

Finance refers to the allocation of resources (often as Money) and management of money. Particularly in terms of acquiring, investing, and managing funds. It involves various activities related to the creation, utilization, and management of financial assets and resources within an organization, individual, or economy as a whole.

Finance is defined as the management of money and includes activities such as investing, borrowing, lending, budgeting, saving, and forecasting.

Corporate Finance Institute; Finance Definition; Witten By; Tim Vipond

Finance is concerned with the art and science of managing money.

Finance is a term for matters regarding the management, creation, and study of money and investments. It involves the use of credit and debt, securities.

What Does Finance Mean? Its History, Types, and Importance Explained; By Adam Hayes

Finance is all about the management of money, assets, and financial resources. It involves making decisions about acquiring, investing, and allocating funds to achieve financial goals and maximize returns while managing risks.

It is the field of study and practice concerned with the management of money, assets, and financial resources. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including personal finance, corporate finance, investment management, and financial market operations. Finance plays a vital role in modern economies by facilitating capital allocation, risk management, and wealth creation.

Finance encompasses the concepts, strategies, and activities related to the management of money and financial resources. It involves making decisions about raising capital, investing in assets, and optimizing financial structures. Finance covers various areas, including personal financial planning, corporate financial management, investment analysis, and trading in financial markets. It is a crucial discipline for individuals, businesses, and institutions seeking to achieve financial objectives and make informed financial decisions.

Finance encompasses a wide range of activities and concepts, including:

Personal Finance: This involves managing one’s personal financial resources, such as budgeting, saving, investing, retirement planning, and managing debts.

Corporate Finance: In a business context, corporate finance focuses on managing the financial resources of a company. This includes decisions related to capital budgeting (investing in long-term assets), capital structure (mix of debt and equity financing), and working capital management (short-term operational funding).

Investment Management: This involves making decisions about how to invest funds to achieve financial goals. It includes portfolio management, asset allocation, and risk assessment.

Financial Markets: These are platforms where various financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, and derivatives, are bought and sold. Financial markets play a crucial role in determining the value of assets and facilitating efficient capital allocation.

Financial Institutions: These include banks, credit unions, insurance companies, investment firms, and other entities that provide financial services, such as lending, borrowing, investing, and risk management.

Risk Management: This involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating financial risks, such as market risk, credit risk, operational risk, and liquidity risk.

International Finance: This deals with financial transactions and decisions that cross national borders, including foreign exchange rates, international investment, and global trade.

Public Finance: This involves managing the financial resources of governments and public entities. It includes budgeting, taxation, public expenditure, and debt management.

Behavioral Finance: This field explores how psychological factors influence financial decisions and market behavior, often challenging traditional economic assumptions.

Financial Planning: Developing comprehensive plans to achieve financial goals, which may involve strategies for saving, investing, retirement, estate planning, and more.

Overall, finance is a critical aspect of modern economies, businesses, and individual lives. It provides the tools and concepts needed to make informed financial decisions, allocate resources efficiently, manage risks, and achieve various financial objectives.

Know more about; Financial Systems, Financial Markets, and The Global Trading Market

References I’ve used to write these above;

The top punch line from Jim Collins in his book “Good to Great”

“Greatness, it turns out, is largely a matter of conscious choice.”- Jim Collins ( “Good to Great” page; 11)

“You can accomplish anything in life, provided that you do not mind who gets the credit.” Harry S. Truman.

On pages 10 to 11, there are some points that remark good to great a summary. Please go through of those.

“Good is the enemy of great.”

This phrase highlights one of the key insights from the research: that many companies are satisfied with being just “good,” and never strive to become “great.” Collins argues that companies must set their sights higher and constantly strive for greatness if they want to achieve truly outstanding results.

“Greatness is not a function of circumstance. Greatness, it turns out, is largely a matter of conscious choice, and discipline.”

This line emphasizes the idea that companies must take a deliberate and disciplined approach if they want to achieve greatness. It suggests that companies cannot simply wait for greatness to happen, but must actively work to create the conditions for success.

Both of these quotes have become widely quoted and referenced, and have helped to cement the book’s reputation as a must-read for anyone interested in business and leadership.

The Global Trading System

Reader’s Note: This is only just a preliminary study on the global trading system. Not for the business background personnel. But still, you can read and make any comment if I am wrong or anything to add more.

Supply and demand is the main element that triggers us to enter any trade. When local trade can’t satisfy our needs we are seeking global trade.

The global trading system refers to the network of institutions, agreements, and processes that regulate international trade between countries. It encompasses the rules, policies, and practices that govern the exchange of goods, services, and capital between countries, and the organizations responsible for enforcing these rules.

The global trading system has evolved over the past several decades and is now primarily governed by the World Trade Organization (WTO), which was established in 1995 to oversee and liberalize international trade. The WTO sets rules for trade and provides a forum for countries to negotiate trade agreements, resolve disputes, and discuss trade policies.

One of the key features of the global trading system is its focus on promoting free trade, which is the idea that countries should be able to buy and sell goods and services with each other with as few barriers as possible. This includes reducing tariffs (taxes on imported goods), eliminating trade barriers, and providing a level playing field for companies operating in different countries.

The global trading system also plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth and development, as it allows countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, and then trade those goods and services with other countries. This leads to increased efficiency, lower costs, and improved living standards for people around the world.

Overall, the global trading system is a complex and dynamic system that plays a critical role in shaping the global economy. It provides a framework for international trade and helps to ensure that trade is conducted fairly and efficiently, promoting economic growth and development around the world.